Islamic finance is maturing, according to experts, and could be on the cusp of becoming a mainstream option. But there are still issues to be ironed out.
At a recent meeting in Dubai, lawyers from several international firms talked about the legal issues surrounding Islamic finance. In spite of their reputation, involvement from lawyers signifies maturation of the market. More than 75 countries are involved in Islamic finance, and there are consulting firms built around advising companies and banks about Shariah-compliance.
“Where we are in Islamic finance today is where [foreign exchange] was in 1971. We are on the cusp, technology is the next phase,” the global head of Islamic finance for Thomson Reuters, Rushdi Siddiqui, says.
But while these developments give reasons to hope that Islamic financing will soon move from an alternative to a mainstream option, the market still faces critical challenges. Experts say a lack of consistent rulings on Shariah compliance, short supply of Shariah scholars, isolation from broader financial markets, and constraints on the time-frame of debt instruments are major challenges to the growth of Islamic finance.
“The problem with religious scholars is they don’t understand Islamic financing,” the executive vice president of corporate finance for Saudi’s giant industrial firm Sabic, Mutlaq Al Morished, says.
Finding people who are both Islamic scholars and have a deep understanding of financial tools and how they work is proving to be one of the most difficult problems to overcome, and often leads to the confusion over different instruments. “The availability of high-quality scholars is the biggest deficit,” the head of Islamic products at Barclays Capital and Barclays Wealth, Harris Irfan, says.And one of the biggest challenges for bankers interested in Islamic financing is the variation in what is considered Shariah-compliant. For instance, the sukuk issued by Sabic is ruled on by Shariah courts in Saudi Arabia, Al Morished says, which he notes “tend to be more conservative than our brothers in the GCC.”
Developing new products can be an arduous process. Scholars may make decisions without giving much explanation to the company attempting to issue a Shariah-compliant instrument. The Malaysian-based Islamic Financial Services Board is attempting to introduce some standardization. Currently the board is reviewing possible regulations on capital requirements.
“How big a crisis you have to be able to survive is the subject of huge debate,” the director of policy and Islamic finance at Dubai International Financial Center, Peter Casey, says. “We’re going to get new liquidity standards. The numbers may not be what some have predicted but we’re going to get them. And in many countries they will be applied just straight on to Islamic financial institutions.”
The countries with a serious concern for Islamic finance will probably want to see them adapted, and the Islamic Financial Services Board is already working on how those standards can be adapted with Islamic finance, says Casey.
A report from the International Institute of Finance in May says local debt markets need to be better developed, but Casey says that Shariah-compliant money markets need to be developed first.
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